====== Requêtes HTTP en Python ======


  * [[https://docs.python.org/fr/3/library/urllib.request.html]]
  * [[https://docs.python.org/3.1/howto/urllib2.html]]
  * [[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/32795460/loading-json-object-in-python-using-urllib-request-and-json-modules]]
  * [[http://zetcode.com/python/requests/]]


<code python>
import urllib.request
import json

req = urllib.request.Request("https://adresse.com")
with urllib.request.urlopen(req) as f:
    response = f.read()
    data = json.loads(response.decode('utf-8'))
    print(data) # dictionnaire de la réponse JSON
</code>

Requête POST:
<code python>
post_data = {
    "title": box['title'],
    "parent_folder": "-1"
}
# avec des données, la requête est automatiquement une POST
req = urllib.request.Request("https://url.com/form.php", urllib.parse.urlencode(post_data).encode('ascii'))
with urllib.request.urlopen(req) as f:
    response = f.read()
</code>

Avec une authentification basique:
<code python>
import base64

credentials = {
    "Authorization": b'Basic ' + base64.b64encode("user:pass".encode())
}

req = urllib.request.Request("https://adresse.com", headers=credentials)
# ou
req = urllib.request.Request("https://url.com/form.php", urllib.parse.urlencode(post_data).encode('ascii'), credentials)
</code>


==== Encoder une URL ====

[[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1695183/how-to-percent-encode-url-parameters-in-python|Source]]

<code python>
urllib.parse.quote(url)
</code>



==== Sessions ====

Avec [[https://fr.python-requests.org/en/latest/#__do_not_save__|Requests]].

<code python>
session = requests.Session()
session.headers['Accept'] = 'application/vnd.github.v3+json'
session.auth = ("user", "pass")

r = session.get(url)

if r.status_code != 200:
    print("Got HTTP response {}: {}".format(r.status_code, r.json()['message']))
else:
    print(r.json())

session.close()
</code>



==== Changer le User-Agent ====

[[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/24226781/changing-user-agent-in-python-3-for-urrlib-request-urlopen|Source]]

<code python>
from urllib.request import urlopen, Request

urlopen(Request(url, headers={'User-Agent': 'Mozilla'}))
</code>


==== Serveur HTTP ====

  * [[https://realpython.com/python-http-server/|How to Launch an HTTP Server in One Line of Python Code]]