Différences

Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.

--- linux:lfs [2020/08/30 17:23] – chapter 5 phsw
+++ linux:lfs [2021/06/03 21:03] (Version actuelle) – [Linux From Scratch] fix link formatting phsw
@@ Ligne 2: / Ligne 2: @@
-[[http://fr.linuxfromscratch.org/view/lfs-systemd-stable/index.html]]
+http://fr.linuxfromscratch.org/view/lfs-9.1-systemd-fr/index.html
 Fonctionnement général: à partir d'un système existant, on construit LFS sur une partition à côté du système existant. On pourra ensuite booter sur LFS situé sur la nouvelle partition.
@@ Ligne 14: / Ligne 14: @@
 ==== Prérequis du système hôte ====
-Exécuter le script fournit [[http://fr.linuxfromscratch.org/view/lfs-systemd-stable/chapter02/hostreqs.html|ici]].
+Exécuter le script fournit [[http://fr.linuxfromscratch.org/view/lfs-systemd-stable/chapter02/hostreqs.html#__do_not_save__|ici]].
 Correction à apporter:
@@ Ligne 45: / Ligne 45: @@
 sudo mkdir -v $LFS/sources
 sudo chmod -v a+wt $LFS/sources
-wget http://fr.linuxfromscratch.org/view/lfs-systemd-stable/wget-list
+wget http://fr.linuxfromscratch.org/view/lfs-9.1-systemd-fr/wget-list
 sudo wget --input-file=wget-list --continue --directory-prefix=$LFS/sources
 </code>
@@ Ligne 382: / Ligne 382: @@
 make install
 ln -s libncursesw.so /tools/lib/libncurses.so
+</code>
@@ Ligne 652: / Ligne 653: @@
 </code>
+==== Préparer les systèmes de fichiers virtuels du noyau ====
+En tant que root:
+<code bash>
+mkdir -pv $LFS/{dev,proc,sys,run}
+mknod -m 600 $LFS/dev/console c 5 1
+mknod -m 666 $LFS/dev/null c 1 3
+mount -v --bind /dev $LFS/dev
+mount -vt devpts devpts $LFS/dev/pts -o gid=5,mode=620
+mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc
+mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys
+mount -vt tmpfs tmpfs $LFS/run
+</code>
+==== Entrer dans l'environnement chroot ====
+<code bash>
+chroot "$LFS" /tools/bin/env -i \
+    HOME=/root                  \
+    TERM="$TERM"                \
+    PS1='(lfs chroot) \u:\w\$ ' \
+    PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/tools/bin \
+    /tools/bin/bash --login +h
+</code>
+====  Créer les répertoires ====
+<code bash>
+mkdir -pv /{bin,boot,etc/{opt,sysconfig},home,lib/firmware,mnt,opt}
+mkdir -pv /{media/{floppy,cdrom},sbin,srv,var}
+install -dv -m 0750 /root
+install -dv -m 1777 /tmp /var/tmp
+mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}{bin,include,lib,sbin,src}
+mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{color,dict,doc,info,locale,man}
+mkdir -v  /usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
+mkdir -v  /usr/libexec
+mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8}
+mkdir -v  /usr/lib/pkgconfig
+case $(uname -m) in
+ x86_64) mkdir -v /lib64 ;;
+esac
+mkdir -v /var/{log,mail,spool}
+ln -sv /run /var/run
+ln -sv /run/lock /var/lock
+mkdir -pv /var/{opt,cache,lib/{color,misc,locate},local}
+</code>
+==== Créer les fichiers et les liens symboliques essentiels ====
+<code bash>
+ln -sv /tools/bin/{bash,cat,chmod,dd,echo,ln,mkdir,pwd,rm,stty,touch} /bin
+ln -sv /tools/bin/{env,install,perl,printf}         /usr/bin
+ln -sv /tools/lib/libgcc_s.so{,.1}                  /usr/lib
+ln -sv /tools/lib/libstdc++.{a,so{,.6}}             /usr/lib
+ln -sv bash /bin/sh
+ln -sv /proc/self/mounts /etc/mtab
+cat > /etc/passwd << "EOF"
+root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
+bin:x:1:1:bin:/dev/null:/bin/false
+daemon:x:6:6:Daemon User:/dev/null:/bin/false
+messagebus:x:18:18:D-Bus Message Daemon User:/var/run/dbus:/bin/false
+systemd-bus-proxy:x:72:72:systemd Bus Proxy:/:/bin/false
+systemd-journal-gateway:x:73:73:systemd Journal Gateway:/:/bin/false
+systemd-journal-remote:x:74:74:systemd Journal Remote:/:/bin/false
+systemd-journal-upload:x:75:75:systemd Journal Upload:/:/bin/false
+systemd-network:x:76:76:systemd Network Management:/:/bin/false
+systemd-resolve:x:77:77:systemd Resolver:/:/bin/false
+systemd-timesync:x:78:78:systemd Time Synchronization:/:/bin/false
+systemd-coredump:x:79:79:systemd Core Dumper:/:/bin/false
+nobody:x:99:99:Unprivileged User:/dev/null:/bin/false
+EOF
+cat > /etc/group << "EOF"
+root:x:0:
+bin:x:1:daemon
+sys:x:2:
+kmem:x:3:
+tape:x:4:
+tty:x:5:
+daemon:x:6:
+floppy:x:7:
+disk:x:8:
+lp:x:9:
+dialout:x:10:
+audio:x:11:
+video:x:12:
+utmp:x:13:
+usb:x:14:
+cdrom:x:15:
+adm:x:16:
+messagebus:x:18:
+systemd-journal:x:23:
+input:x:24:
+mail:x:34:
+kvm:x:61:
+systemd-bus-proxy:x:72:
+systemd-journal-gateway:x:73:
+systemd-journal-remote:x:74:
+systemd-journal-upload:x:75:
+systemd-network:x:76:
+systemd-resolve:x:77:
+systemd-timesync:x:78:
+systemd-coredump:x:79:
+wheel:x:97:
+nogroup:x:99:
+users:x:999:
+EOF
+exec /tools/bin/bash --login +h
+touch /var/log/{btmp,lastlog,faillog,wtmp}
+chgrp -v utmp /var/log/lastlog
+chmod -v 664  /var/log/lastlog
+chmod -v 600  /var/log/btmp
+</code>
+==== Linux-5.5.3 API Headers ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/linux-5.5.3
+make mrproper
+make headers
+find usr/include -name '.*' -delete
+rm usr/include/Makefile
+cp -rv usr/include/* /usr/include
+</code>
+==== Man-pages-5.05 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/
+tar xfv man-pages-5.05.tar.xz
+cd man-pages-5.05
+make install
+</code>
+==== Glibc-2.31 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/glibc-2.31/
+patch -Np1 -i ../glibc-2.31-fhs-1.patch
+ln -sfv ../lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /lib64
+ln -sfv ../lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /lib64/ld-lsb-x86-64.so.3
+cd build
+rm -rf *
+CC="gcc -ffile-prefix-map=/tools=/usr" \
+../configure --prefix=/usr                          \
+             --disable-werror                       \
+             --enable-kernel=3.2                    \
+             --enable-stack-protector=strong        \
+             --with-headers=/usr/include            \
+             libc_cv_slibdir=/lib
+make
+ln -sfnv $PWD/elf/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /lib
+make check
+touch /etc/ld.so.conf
+sed '/test-installation/s@$(PERL)@echo not running@' -i ../Makefile
+make install
+cp -v ../nscd/nscd.conf /etc/nscd.conf
+mkdir -pv /var/cache/nscd
+install -v -Dm644 ../nscd/nscd.tmpfiles /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/nscd.conf
+install -v -Dm644 ../nscd/nscd.service /lib/systemd/system/nscd.service
+mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale
+localedef -i POSIX -f UTF-8 C.UTF-8 2> /dev/null || true
+localedef -i cs_CZ -f UTF-8 cs_CZ.UTF-8
+localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE
+localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro
+localedef -i de_DE -f UTF-8 de_DE.UTF-8
+localedef -i el_GR -f ISO-8859-7 el_GR
+localedef -i en_GB -f UTF-8 en_GB.UTF-8
+localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK
+localedef -i en_PH -f ISO-8859-1 en_PH
+localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US
+localedef -i en_US -f UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8
+localedef -i es_MX -f ISO-8859-1 es_MX
+localedef -i fa_IR -f UTF-8 fa_IR
+localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR
+localedef -i fr_FR@euro -f ISO-8859-15 fr_FR@euro
+localedef -i fr_FR -f UTF-8 fr_FR.UTF-8
+localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT
+localedef -i it_IT -f UTF-8 it_IT.UTF-8
+localedef -i ja_JP -f EUC-JP ja_JP
+localedef -i ja_JP -f SHIFT_JIS ja_JP.SIJS 2> /dev/null || true
+localedef -i ja_JP -f UTF-8 ja_JP.UTF-8
+localedef -i ru_RU -f KOI8-R ru_RU.KOI8-R
+localedef -i ru_RU -f UTF-8 ru_RU.UTF-8
+localedef -i tr_TR -f UTF-8 tr_TR.UTF-8
+localedef -i zh_CN -f GB18030 zh_CN.GB18030
+localedef -i zh_HK -f BIG5-HKSCS zh_HK.BIG5-HKSCS
+cat > /etc/nsswitch.conf << "EOF"
+# Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf
+passwd: files
+group: files
+shadow: files
+hosts: files dns
+networks: files
+protocols: files
+services: files
+ethers: files
+rpc: files
+# End /etc/nsswitch.conf
+EOF
+tar -xf ../../tzdata2019c.tar.gz
+ZONEINFO=/usr/share/zoneinfo
+mkdir -pv $ZONEINFO/{posix,right}
+for tz in etcetera southamerica northamerica europe africa antarctica  \
+          asia australasia backward pacificnew systemv; do
+    zic -L /dev/null   -d $ZONEINFO       ${tz}
+    zic -L /dev/null   -d $ZONEINFO/posix ${tz}
+    zic -L leapseconds -d $ZONEINFO/right ${tz}
+done
+cp -v zone.tab zone1970.tab iso3166.tab $ZONEINFO
+zic -d $ZONEINFO -p America/New_York
+unset ZONEINFO
+tzselect
+ln -sfv /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Paris /etc/localtime
+cat > /etc/ld.so.conf << "EOF"
+# Début de /etc/ld.so.conf
+/usr/local/lib
+/opt/lib
+EOF
+cat >> /etc/ld.so.conf << "EOF"
+# Ajout d'un répertoire include
+include /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf
+EOF
+mkdir -pv /etc/ld.so.conf.d
+</code>
+==== Ajustement de la chaîne d'outils ====
+<code bash>
+mv -v /tools/bin/{ld,ld-old}
+mv -v /tools/$(uname -m)-pc-linux-gnu/bin/{ld,ld-old}
+mv -v /tools/bin/{ld-new,ld}
+ln -sv /tools/bin/ld /tools/$(uname -m)-pc-linux-gnu/bin/ld
+gcc -dumpspecs | sed -e 's@/tools@@g'                   \
+    -e '/\*startfile_prefix_spec:/{n;s@.*@/usr/lib/ @}' \
+    -e '/\*cpp:/{n;s@$@ -isystem /usr/include@}' >      \
+    `dirname $(gcc --print-libgcc-file-name)`/specs
+</code>
+Faire certaines vérifications, cf le manuel.
+==== Zlib-1.2.11 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/
+tar xfv zlib-1.2.11.tar.xz
+cd zlib-1.2.11
+./configure --prefix=/usr
+make
+make install
+mv -v /usr/lib/libz.so.* /lib
+ln -sfv ../../lib/$(readlink /usr/lib/libz.so) /usr/lib/libz.so
+</code>
+==== Bzip2-1.0.8 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/bzip2-1.0.8/
+patch -Np1 -i ../bzip2-1.0.8-install_docs-1.patch
+sed -i 's@\(ln -s -f \)$(PREFIX)/bin/@\1@' Makefile
+sed -i "s@(PREFIX)/man@(PREFIX)/share/man@g" Makefile
+make clean
+make -f Makefile-libbz2_so
+make clean
+make
+make PREFIX=/usr install
+cp -v bzip2-shared /bin/bzip2
+cp -av libbz2.so* /lib
+ln -sv ../../lib/libbz2.so.1.0 /usr/lib/libbz2.so
+rm -v /usr/bin/{bunzip2,bzcat,bzip2}
+ln -sv bzip2 /bin/bunzip2
+ln -sv bzip2 /bin/bzcat
+</code>
+==== Xz-5.2.4 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/xz-5.2.4
+./configure --prefix=/usr    \
+            --disable-static \
+            --docdir=/usr/share/doc/xz-5.2.4
+make
+make check
+make install
+mv -v   /usr/bin/{lzma,unlzma,lzcat,xz,unxz,xzcat} /bin
+mv -v /usr/lib/liblzma.so.* /lib
+ln -svf ../../lib/$(readlink /usr/lib/liblzma.so) /usr/lib/liblzma.so
+</code>
+==== File-5.38 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/file-5.38
+./configure --prefix=/usr
+make
+make check
+make install
+</code>
+====  Readline-8.0 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/
+tar xfv readline-8.0.tar.gz
+cd readline-8.0
+sed -i '/MV.*old/d' Makefile.in
+sed -i '/{OLDSUFF}/c:' support/shlib-install
+./configure --prefix=/usr    \
+            --disable-static \
+            --docdir=/usr/share/doc/readline-8.0
+make SHLIB_LIBS="-L/tools/lib -lncursesw"
+make SHLIB_LIBS="-L/tools/lib -lncursesw" install
+mv -v /usr/lib/lib{readline,history}.so.* /lib
+chmod -v u+w /lib/lib{readline,history}.so.*
+ln -sfv ../../lib/$(readlink /usr/lib/libreadline.so) /usr/lib/libreadline.so
+ln -sfv ../../lib/$(readlink /usr/lib/libhistory.so ) /usr/lib/libhistory.so
+</code>
+==== M4-1.4.18 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/m4-1.4.18/
+sed -i 's/IO_ftrylockfile/IO_EOF_SEEN/' lib/*.c
+echo "#define _IO_IN_BACKUP 0x100" >> lib/stdio-impl.h
+./configure --prefix=/usr
+make
+make check
+make install
+</code>
+==== Bc-2.5.3 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources
+tar xfv bc-2.5.3.tar.gz
+cd bc-2.5.3
+PREFIX=/usr CC=gcc CFLAGS="-std=c99" ./configure.sh -G -O3
+make
+make test
+make install
+</code>
+==== Binutils-2.34 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/binutils-2.34
+sed -i '/@\tincremental_copy/d' gold/testsuite/Makefile.in
+cd build/
+rm -rf *
+../configure --prefix=/usr       \
+             --enable-gold       \
+             --enable-ld=default \
+             --enable-plugins    \
+             --enable-shared     \
+             --disable-werror    \
+             --enable-64-bit-bfd \
+             --with-system-zlib
+make tooldir=/usr
+make -k check
+make tooldir=/usr install
+</code>
+==== GMP-6.2.0 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/
+tar xfv gmp-6.2.0.tar.gz
+cd gmp-6.2.0
+./configure --prefix=/usr    \
+            --enable-cxx     \
+            --disable-static \
+            --docdir=/usr/share/doc/gmp-6.2.0
+make
+make check 2>&1 | tee gmp-check-log
+awk '/# PASS:/{total+=$3} ; END{print total}' gmp-check-log # >= 197
+make install
+</code>
+==== MPFR-4.0.2 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/
+tar xfv mpfr-4.0.2.tar.gz
+cd mpfr-4.0.2
+./configure --prefix=/usr        \
+            --disable-static     \
+            --enable-thread-safe \
+            --docdir=/usr/share/doc/mpfr-4.0.2
+make
+make check
+make install
+</code>
+==== MPC-1.1.0 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/
+tar xfv mpc-1.1.0.tar.gz
+cd mpc-1.1.0
+./configure --prefix=/usr    \
+            --disable-static \
+            --docdir=/usr/share/doc/mpc-1.1.0
+make
+make check
+make install
+</code>
+==== Attr-2.4.48 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/
+tar xfv attr-2.4.48.tar.gz
+cd attre-2.4.48
+./configure --prefix=/usr     \
+            --disable-static  \
+            --sysconfdir=/etc \
+            --docdir=/usr/share/doc/attr-2.4.48
+make
+make check
+make install
+mv -v /usr/lib/libattr.so.* /lib
+ln -sfv ../../lib/$(readlink /usr/lib/libattr.so) /usr/lib/libattr.so
+</code>
+==== Acl-2.2.53 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/
+tar xfv acl-2.2.53.tar.gz
+cd acl-2.2.53
+./configure --prefix=/usr         \
+            --disable-static      \
+            --libexecdir=/usr/lib \
+            --docdir=/usr/share/doc/acl-2.2.53
+make
+make install
+</code>
+==== Shadow-4.8.1 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/
+tar xfv shadow-4.8.1.tar.gz
+cd shadow-4.8.1
+sed -i 's/groups$(EXEEXT) //' src/Makefile.in
+find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/groups\.1 / /'   {} \;
+find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/getspnam\.3 / /' {} \;
+find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/passwd\.5 / /'   {} \;
+sed -i -e 's@#ENCRYPT_METHOD DES@ENCRYPT_METHOD SHA512@' \
+       -e 's@/var/spool/mail@/var/mail@' etc/login.defs
+sed -i 's/1000/999/' etc/useradd
+./configure --sysconfdir=/etc --with-group-name-max-length=32
+make
+make install
+pwconv
+grpconv
+passwd root
+</code>
+==== GCC-9.2.0 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/gcc-9.2.0
+sed -e '/m64=/s/lib64/lib/' -i.orig gcc/config/i386/t-linux64
+sed -e '1161 s|^|//|' -i libsanitizer/sanitizer_common/sanitizer_platform_limits_posix.cc
+cd build
+rm -rf *
+SED=sed                               \
+../configure --prefix=/usr            \
+             --enable-languages=c,c++ \
+             --disable-multilib       \
+             --disable-bootstrap      \
+             --with-system-zlib
+make
+ulimit -s 32768
+chown -Rv nobody .
+su nobody -s /bin/bash -c "PATH=$PATH make -k check" # très très très long (plus de 4h), voir la doc pour interpréter le résultat
+make install
+rm -rf /usr/lib/gcc/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/9.2.0/include-fixed/bits/
+chown -v -R root:root /usr/lib/gcc/*linux-gnu/9.2.0/include{,-fixed}
+ln -sv ../usr/bin/cpp /lib
+ln -sv gcc /usr/bin/cc
+install -v -dm755 /usr/lib/bfd-plugins
+ln -sfv ../../libexec/gcc/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/9.2.0/liblto_plugin.so /usr/lib/bfd-plugins/
+# vérifications, cf le manuel, j'ai eu besoin de faire:
+gcc -dumpspecs > `dirname $(gcc --print-libgcc-file-name)`/specs
+# et supprimer tous les '/tools' pour que l'interpréteur soit le bon
+mkdir -pv /usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib
+mv -v /usr/lib/*gdb.py /usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib
+</code>
+==== Pkg-config-0.29.2 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources
+tar xfv pkg-config-0.29.2.tar.gz
+cd pkg-config-0.29.2
+./configure --prefix=/usr              \
+            --with-internal-glib       \
+            --disable-host-tool        \
+            --docdir=/usr/share/doc/pkg-config-0.29.2
+make
+make check
+make install
+</code>
+==== Ncurses-6.2 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/ncurses-6.2/
+sed -i '/LIBTOOL_INSTALL/d' c++/Makefile.in
+./configure --prefix=/usr           \
+            --mandir=/usr/share/man \
+            --with-shared           \
+            --without-debug         \
+            --without-normal        \
+            --enable-pc-files       \
+            --enable-widec
+make
+make install
+mv -v /usr/lib/libncursesw.so.6* /lib
+ln -sfv ../../lib/$(readlink /usr/lib/libncursesw.so) /usr/lib/libncursesw.so
+for lib in ncurses form panel menu ; do
+    rm -vf                    /usr/lib/lib${lib}.so
+    echo "INPUT(-l${lib}w)" > /usr/lib/lib${lib}.so
+    ln -sfv ${lib}w.pc        /usr/lib/pkgconfig/${lib}.pc
+done
+rm -vf                     /usr/lib/libcursesw.so
+echo "INPUT(-lncursesw)" > /usr/lib/libcursesw.so
+ln -sfv libncurses.so      /usr/lib/libcurses.so
+</code>
+==== Libcap-2.31 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/
+tar xfv libcap-2.31.tar.gz
+cd libcap-2.31
+sed -i '/install.*STA...LIBNAME/d' libcap/Makefile
+make lib=lib
+make test
+make lib=lib install
+chmod -v 755 /lib/libcap.so.2.31
+</code>
+==== Sed-4.8 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/sed-4.8
+sed -i 's/usr/tools/'                 build-aux/help2man
+sed -i 's/testsuite.panic-tests.sh//' Makefile.in
+./configure --prefix=/usr --bindir=/bin
+make
+make check
+make install
+install -d -m755           /usr/share/doc/sed-4.8
+</code>
+==== Psmisc-23.2 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources
+tar xfv psmisc-23.2.tar.xz
+cd psmisc-23.2
+./configure --prefix=/usr
+make
+make install
+mv -v /usr/bin/fuser   /bin
+mv -v /usr/bin/killall /bin
+</code>
+==== Iana-Etc-2.30 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/
+tar xfv iana-etc-2.30.tar.bz2
+cd iana-etc-2.30/
+make
+make install
+</code>
+==== Bison-3.5.2 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/bison-3.5.2
+./configure --prefix=/usr --docdir=/usr/share/doc/bison-3.5.2
+make
+make install
+</code>
+==== Flex-2.6.4 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/
+tar xfv flex-2.6.4.tar.gz
+cd flex-2.6.4/
+sed -i "/math.h/a #include <malloc.h>" src/flexdef.h
+HELP2MAN=/tools/bin/true \
+./configure --prefix=/usr --docdir=/usr/share/doc/flex-2.6.4
+make
+make check
+make install
+ln -s flex /usr/bin/lex
+</code>
+==== Grep-3.4 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/grep-3.4
+./configure --prefix=/usr --bindir=/bin
+make
+make check
+make install
+</code>
+==== Bash-5.0 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/bash-5.0
+patch -Np1 -i ../bash-5.0-upstream_fixes-1.patch
+./configure --prefix=/usr                    \
+            --docdir=/usr/share/doc/bash-5.0 \
+            --without-bash-malloc            \
+            --with-installed-readline
+make
+make install
+mv -vf /usr/bin/bash /bin
+exec /bin/bash --login +h
+</code>
+====  Libtool-2.4.6 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/
+tar xfv libtool-2.4.6.tar.xz
+cd libtool-2.4.6/
+./configure --prefix=/usr
+make
+make install
+</code>
+==== GDBM-1.18.1 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/
+tar xfv gdbm-1.18.1.tar.xz
+cd gdbm-1.18.1/
+./configure --prefix=/usr    \
+            --disable-static \
+            --enable-libgdbm-compat
+make
+make check
+make install
+</code>
+==== Gperf-3.1 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources
+tar xfv gperf-3.1.tar.gz
+cd gperf-3.1
+./configure --prefix=/usr --docdir=/usr/share/doc/gperf-3.1
+make
+make -j1 check
+make install
+</code>
+==== Expat-2.2.9 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/
+tar xfv expat-2.2.9.tar.xz
+cd expat-2.2.9/
+sed -i 's|usr/bin/env |bin/|' run.sh.in
+./configure --prefix=/usr    \
+            --disable-static \
+            --docdir=/usr/share/doc/expat-2.2.9
+make
+make check
+make install
+</code>
+==== Inetutils-1.9.4 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources
+tar xfv inetutils-1.9.4.tar.xz
+cd inetutils-1.9.4/
+./configure --prefix=/usr        \
+            --localstatedir=/var \
+            --disable-logger     \
+            --disable-whois      \
+            --disable-rcp        \
+            --disable-rexec      \
+            --disable-rlogin     \
+            --disable-rsh        \
+            --disable-servers
+make
+make install
+mv -v /usr/bin/{hostname,ping,ping6,traceroute} /bin
+mv -v /usr/bin/ifconfig /sbin
+</code>
+==== Perl-5.30.1 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/
+rm -rf perl-5.30.1
+tar xfv perl-5.30.1.tar.xz
+cd perl-5.30.1
+echo "127.0.0.1 localhost $(hostname)" > /etc/hosts
+export BUILD_ZLIB=False
+export BUILD_BZIP2=0
+sh Configure -des -Dprefix=/usr                 \
+                  -Dvendorprefix=/usr           \
+                  -Dman1dir=/usr/share/man/man1 \
+                  -Dman3dir=/usr/share/man/man3 \
+                  -Dpager="/usr/bin/less -isR"  \
+                  -Duseshrplib                  \
+                  -Dusethreads
+make
+make install
+unset BUILD_ZLIB BUILD_BZIP2
+</code>
+==== XML::Parser-2.46 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/
+tar xfv XML-Parser-2.46.tar.gz
+cd XML-Parser-2.46
+perl Makefile.PL
+make
+make test
+make install
+</code>
+==== Intltool-0.51.0 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources
+tar xfv intltool-0.51.0.tar.gz
+cd intltool-0.51.0
+sed -i 's:\\\${:\\\$\\{:' intltool-update.in
+./configure --prefix=/usr
+make
+make check
+make install
+install -v -Dm644 doc/I18N-HOWTO /usr/share/doc/intltool-0.51.0/I18N-HOWTO
+</code>
+==== Autoconf-2.69 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources
+tar xfv autoconf-2.69.tar.xz
+cd autoconf-2.69
+sed '361 s/{/\\{/' -i bin/autoscan.in
+./configure --prefix=/usr
+make
+make install
+</code>
+==== Automake-1.16.1 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources
+tar xfv automake-1.16.1.tar.xz
+cd automake-1.16.1
+./configure --prefix=/usr --docdir=/usr/share/doc/automake-1.16.1
+make
+make install
+</code>
+==== Kmod-26 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources
+tar xfv kmod-26.tar.xz
+cd kmod-26
+./configure --prefix=/usr          \
+            --bindir=/bin          \
+            --sysconfdir=/etc      \
+            --with-rootlibdir=/lib \
+            --with-xz              \
+            --with-zlib
+make
+make install
+for target in depmod insmod lsmod modinfo modprobe rmmod; do
+  ln -sfv ../bin/kmod /sbin/$target
+done
+ln -sfv kmod /bin/lsmod
+</code>
+==== Gettext-0.20.1 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/gettext-0.20.1
+./configure --prefix=/usr    \
+            --disable-static \
+            --docdir=/usr/share/doc/gettext-0.20.1
+make
+make install
+chmod -v 0755 /usr/lib/preloadable_libintl.so
+</code>
+==== Libelf de Elfutils-0.178 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources
+tar xfv elfutils-0.178.tar.bz2
+cd elfutils-0.178
+./configure --prefix=/usr --disable-debuginfod
+make
+make -C libelf install
+install -vm644 config/libelf.pc /usr/lib/pkgconfig
+rm /usr/lib/libelf.a
+</code>
+==== Libffi-3.3 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources
+tar xfv libffi-3.3.tar.gz
+cd libffi-3.3
+./configure --prefix=/usr --disable-static --with-gcc-arch=native
+make
+make install
+</code>
+==== OpenSSL-1.1.1d ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources
+tar xfv openssl-1.1.1.tar.gz
+cd openssl-1.1.1d
+./config --prefix=/usr         \
+         --openssldir=/etc/ssl \
+         --libdir=lib          \
+         shared                \
+         zlib-dynamic
+make
+sed -i '/INSTALL_LIBS/s/libcrypto.a libssl.a//' Makefile
+make MANSUFFIX=ssl install
+</code>
+==== Python-3.8.1 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/Python-3.8.1
+./configure --prefix=/usr       \
+            --enable-shared     \
+            --with-system-expat \
+            --with-system-ffi   \
+            --with-ensurepip=yes
+make
+make install
+chmod -v 755 /usr/lib/libpython3.8.so
+chmod -v 755 /usr/lib/libpython3.so
+ln -sfv pip3.8 /usr/bin/pip3
+</code>
+==== Ninja-1.10.0 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources
+tar xfv ninja-1.10.0.tar.gz
+cd ninja-1.10.0
+python3 configure.py --bootstrap
+install -vm755 ninja /usr/bin/
+install -vDm644 misc/bash-completion /usr/share/bash-completion/completions/ninja
+install -vDm644 misc/zsh-completion  /usr/share/zsh/site-functions/_ninja
+</code>
+==== Meson-0.53.1 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/
+tar xfv meson-0.53.1.tar.gz
+cd meson-0.53.1
+python3 setup.py build
+python3 setup.py install --root=dest
+cp -rv dest/* /
+</code>
+====  Coreutils-8.31 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/coreutils-8.31/
+patch -Np1 -i ../coreutils-8.31-i18n-1.patch
+sed -i '/test.lock/s/^/#/' gnulib-tests/gnulib.mk
+autoreconf -fiv
+FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 ./configure \
+            --prefix=/usr            \
+            --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime
+make
+make install
+mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
+mv -v /usr/bin/{false,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm} /bin
+mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
+mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
+mv -v /usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
+sed -i s/\"1\"/\"8\"/1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
+mv -v /usr/bin/{head,nice,sleep,touch} /bin
+</code>
+==== Check-0.14.0 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/
+tar xfv check-0.14.0.tar.gz
+cd check-0.14.0
+./configure --prefix=/usr
+make
+make docdir=/usr/share/doc/check-0.14.0 install &&
+sed -i '1 s/tools/usr/' /usr/bin/checkmk
+</code>
+==== Diffutils-3.7 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/diffutils-3.7
+./configure --prefix=/usr
+make
+make check
+make install
+</code>
+==== Gawk-5.0.1 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/gawk-5.0.1
+sed -i 's/extras//' Makefile.in
+./configure --prefix=/usr
+make
+make check
+make install
+</code>
+==== Findutils-4.7.0 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/findutils-4.7.0
+./configure --prefix=/usr --localstatedir=/var/lib/locate
+make
+make install
+mv -v /usr/bin/find /bin
+sed -i 's|find:=${BINDIR}|find:=/bin|' /usr/bin/updatedb
+</code>
+==== Groff-1.22.4 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources
+tar xfv groff-1.22.4.tar.gz
+cd groff-1.22.4
+PAGE=A4 ./configure --prefix=/usr
+make -j1
+make install
+</code>
+==== GRUB-2.04 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources
+tar xfv grub-2.04.tar.xz
+cd grub-2.04
+./configure --prefix=/usr          \
+            --sbindir=/sbin        \
+            --sysconfdir=/etc      \
+            --disable-efiemu       \
+            --disable-werror
+make
+make install
+mv -v /etc/bash_completion.d/grub /usr/share/bash-completion/completions
+</code>
+==== Less-551 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources
+tar xfv less-551.tar.gz
+cd less-551
+./configure --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc
+make
+make install
+</code>
+==== Gzip-1.10 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/gzip-1.10
+./configure --prefix=/usr
+make
+make install
+mv -v /usr/bin/gzip /bin
+</code>
+==== Zstd-1.4.4 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources
+tar xfv zstd-1.4.4.tar.gz
+cd zstd-1.4.4
+make
+make prefix=/usr install
+rm -v /usr/lib/libzstd.a
+mv -v /usr/lib/libzstd.so.* /lib
+ln -sfv ../../lib/$(readlink /usr/lib/libzstd.so) /usr/lib/libzstd.so
+</code>
+==== IPRoute2-5.5.0 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources
+tar xfv iproute2-5.5.0.tar.xz
+cd iproute2-5.5.0
+sed -i /ARPD/d Makefile
+rm -fv man/man8/arpd.8
+sed -i 's/.m_ipt.o//' tc/Makefile
+make
+make DOCDIR=/usr/share/doc/iproute2-5.5.0 install
+</code>
+==== Kbd-2.2.0 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/
+tar xfv kbd-2.2.0.tar.xz
+cd kbd-2.2.0
+patch -Np1 -i ../kbd-2.2.0-backspace-1.patch
+sed -i 's/\(RESIZECONS_PROGS=\)yes/\1no/g' configure
+sed -i 's/resizecons.8 //' docs/man/man8/Makefile.in
+PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/tools/lib/pkgconfig ./configure --prefix=/usr --disable-vlock
+make
+make install
+</code>
+==== Libpipeline-1.5.2 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources
+tar xfv libpipeline-1.5.2.tar.gz
+cd libpipeline-1.5.2
+./configure --prefix=/usr
+make
+make install
+</code>
+==== Make-4.3 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/make-4.3/
+./configure --prefix=/usr
+make
+make install
+</code>
+==== Patch-2.7.6 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/patch-2.7.6
+./configure --prefix=/usr
+make
+make install
+</code>
+==== Man-DB-2.9.0 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/
+tar xfv man-db-2.9.0.tar.xz
+cd man-db-2.9.0
+sed -i '/find/s@/usr@@' init/systemd/man-db.service.in
+./configure --prefix=/usr                        \
+            --docdir=/usr/share/doc/man-db-2.9.0 \
+            --sysconfdir=/etc                    \
+            --disable-setuid                     \
+            --enable-cache-owner=bin             \
+            --with-browser=/usr/bin/lynx         \
+            --with-vgrind=/usr/bin/vgrind        \
+            --with-grap=/usr/bin/grap
+make
+make install
+</code>
+==== Tar-1.32 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/tar-1.32
+FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1  \
+./configure --prefix=/usr \
+            --bindir=/bin
+make
+make install
+</code>
+==== Texinfo-6.7 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/texinfo-6.7
+./configure --prefix=/usr --disable-static
+make
+make install
+</code>
+==== Vim-8.2.0190 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources
+tar xfv vim-8.2.0190.tar.gz
+cd vim-8.2.0190
+echo '#define SYS_VIMRC_FILE "/etc/vimrc"' >> src/feature.h
+./configure --prefix=/usr
+make
+make install
+ln -sv vim /usr/bin/vi
+for L in  /usr/share/man/{,*/}man1/vim.1; do
+    ln -sv vim.1 $(dirname $L)/vi.1
+done
+ln -sv ../vim/vim82/doc /usr/share/doc/vim-8.2.0190
+cat > /etc/vimrc << "EOF"
+" Begin /etc/vimrc
+" Ensure defaults are set before customizing settings, not after
+source $VIMRUNTIME/defaults.vim
+let skip_defaults_vim=1
+set nocompatible
+set backspace=2
+set mouse=
+syntax on
+if (&term == "xterm") || (&term == "putty")
+  set background=dark
+endif
+" End /etc/vimrc
+EOF
+</code>
+==== Systemd-244 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources
+tar xfv systemd-244.tar.gz
+cd systemd-244
+ln -sf /tools/bin/true /usr/bin/xsltproc
+for file in /tools/lib/lib{blkid,mount,uuid}.so*; do
+    ln -sf $file /usr/lib/
+done
+tar -xf ../systemd-man-pages-244.tar.xz
+sed '177,$ d' -i src/resolve/meson.build
+sed -i 's/GROUP="render", //' rules.d/50-udev-default.rules.in
+mkdir -p build
+cd       build
+PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/lib/pkgconfig:/tools/lib/pkgconfig" \
+LANG=en_US.UTF-8                   \
+meson --prefix=/usr                \
+      --sysconfdir=/etc            \
+      --localstatedir=/var         \
+      -Dblkid=true                 \
+      -Dbuildtype=release          \
+      -Ddefault-dnssec=no          \
+      -Dfirstboot=false            \
+      -Dinstall-tests=false        \
+      -Dkmod-path=/bin/kmod        \
+      -Dldconfig=false             \
+      -Dmount-path=/bin/mount      \
+      -Drootprefix=                \
+      -Drootlibdir=/lib            \
+      -Dsplit-usr=true             \
+      -Dsulogin-path=/sbin/sulogin \
+      -Dsysusers=false             \
+      -Dumount-path=/bin/umount    \
+      -Db_lto=false                \
+      -Drpmmacrosdir=no            \
+      ..
+LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ninja
+LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ninja install
+rm -f /usr/bin/xsltproc
+systemd-machine-id-setup
+systemctl preset-all
+systemctl disable systemd-time-wait-sync.service
+rm -fv /usr/lib/lib{blkid,uuid,mount}.so*
+</code>
+==== D-Bus-1.12.16 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources
+tar xfv dbus-1.12.16.tar.gz
+cd dbus-1.12.16
+./configure --prefix=/usr                       \
+            --sysconfdir=/etc                   \
+            --localstatedir=/var                \
+            --disable-static                    \
+            --disable-doxygen-docs              \
+            --disable-xml-docs                  \
+            --docdir=/usr/share/doc/dbus-1.12.16 \
+            --with-console-auth-dir=/run/console
+make
+make install
+mv -v /usr/lib/libdbus-1.so.* /lib
+ln -sfv ../../lib/$(readlink /usr/lib/libdbus-1.so) /usr/lib/libdbus-1.so
+ln -sv /etc/machine-id /var/lib/dbus
+</code>
+==== Procps-3.3.15 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/
+tar xfv procps-ng-3.3.15.tar.xz
+cd procps-ng-3.3.15
+./configure --prefix=/usr                            \
+            --exec-prefix=                           \
+            --libdir=/usr/lib                        \
+            --docdir=/usr/share/doc/procps-ng-3.3.15 \
+            --disable-static                         \
+            --disable-kill                           \
+            --with-systemd
+make
+make install
+mv -v /usr/lib/libprocps.so.* /lib
+ln -sfv ../../lib/$(readlink /usr/lib/libprocps.so) /usr/lib/libprocps.so
+</code>
+==== Util-linux-2.35.1 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/util-linux-2.35.1
+mkdir -pv /var/lib/hwclock
+rm -vf /usr/include/{blkid,libmount,uuid}
+./configure ADJTIME_PATH=/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime   \
+            --docdir=/usr/share/doc/util-linux-2.35.1 \
+            --disable-chfn-chsh  \
+            --disable-login      \
+            --disable-nologin    \
+            --disable-su         \
+            --disable-setpriv    \
+            --disable-runuser    \
+            --disable-pylibmount \
+            --disable-static     \
+            --without-python
+make
+make install
+</code>
+==== E2fsprogs-1.45.5 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/
+tar xfv e2fsprogs-1.45.5.tar.gz
+cd e2fsprogs-1.45.5
+mkdir -v build
+cd       build
+../configure --prefix=/usr           \
+             --bindir=/bin           \
+             --with-root-prefix=""   \
+             --enable-elf-shlibs     \
+             --disable-libblkid      \
+             --disable-libuuid       \
+             --disable-uuidd         \
+             --disable-fsck
+make
+make install
+chmod -v u+w /usr/lib/{libcom_err,libe2p,libext2fs,libss}.a
+gunzip -v /usr/share/info/libext2fs.info.gz
+install-info --dir-file=/usr/share/info/dir /usr/share/info/libext2fs.info
+</code>
+==== Nettoyer ====
+<code bash>
+rm -rf /tmp/*
+logout
+chroot "$LFS" /usr/bin/env -i          \
+    HOME=/root TERM="$TERM"            \
+    PS1='(lfs chroot) \u:\w\$ '        \
+    PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin \
+    /bin/bash --login
+rm -f /usr/lib/lib{bfd,opcodes}.a
+rm -f /usr/lib/libbz2.a
+rm -f /usr/lib/lib{com_err,e2p,ext2fs,ss}.a
+rm -f /usr/lib/libltdl.a
+rm -f /usr/lib/libfl.a
+rm -f /usr/lib/libz.a
+find /usr/lib /usr/libexec -name \*.la -delete
+</code>
+==== Configuration générale du réseau ====
+Pour utiliser un DHCP:
+<code bash>
+cat > /etc/systemd/network/10-eth-dhcp.network << "EOF"
+[Match]
+Name=<network-device-name>
+[Network]
+DHCP=ipv4
+[DHCP]
+UseDomains=true
+EOF
+cat > /etc/resolv.conf << "EOF"
+nameserver <Adresse IP du DNS primaire>
+EOF
+echo "VIRTUAL-LFS" > /etc/hostname
+cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF"
+.0.0.1       localhost
+.0.1.1       VIRUTAL-LFS
+::1     localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
+ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
+ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
+EOF
+</code>
+==== Configurer la Console Linux ====
+<code bash>
+cat > /etc/vconsole.conf << "EOF"
+KEYMAP=fr
+EOF
+</code>
+==== Configuration des paramètres régionaux du système ====
+<code bash>
+cat > /etc/locale.conf << "EOF"
+LANG=fr_FR.ISO-8859-1
+EOF
+</code>
+==== Créer le fichier /etc/inputrc ====
+<code bash>
+cat > /etc/inputrc << "EOF"
+# Début de /etc/inputrc
+# Modifié par Chris Lynn <roryo@roryo.dynup.net>
+# Permettre à l'invite de commande d'aller à la ligne
+set horizontal-scroll-mode Off
+# Activer l'entrée sur 8 bits
+set meta-flag On
+set input-meta On
+# Ne pas supprimer le 8ème bit
+set convert-meta Off
+# Conserver le 8ème bit à l'affichage
+set output-meta On
+# none, visible ou audible
+set bell-style none
+# Toutes les indications qui suivent font correspondre la séquence
+# d'échappement contenue dans le 1er argument à la fonction
+# spécifique de readline
+"\eOd": backward-word
+"\eOc": forward-word
+# Pour la console linux
+"\e[1~": beginning-of-line
+"\e[4~": end-of-line
+"\e[5~": beginning-of-history
+"\e[6~": end-of-history
+"\e[3~": delete-char
+"\e[2~": quoted-insert
+# pour xterm
+"\eOH": beginning-of-line
+"\eOF": end-of-line
+# pour Konsole
+"\e[H": beginning-of-line
+"\e[F": end-of-line
+# Fin de /etc/inputrc
+EOF
+</code>
+==== Créaction du fichier /etc/shells ====
+<code bash>
+cat > /etc/shells << "EOF"
+# Begin /etc/shells
+/bin/sh
+/bin/bash
+# End /etc/shells
+EOF
+</code>
+==== Utilisation et configuration de Systemd ====
+<code bash>
+mkdir -pv /etc/systemd/system/getty@tty1.service.d
+cat > /etc/systemd/system/getty@tty1.service.d/noclear.conf << EOF
+[Service]
+TTYVTDisallocate=no
+EOF
+</code>
+==== Créer le fichier /etc/fstab ====
+<code bash>
+cat > /etc/fstab << "EOF"
+# Begin /etc/fstab
+# file system  mount-point  type     options             dump  fsck
+#                                                              order
+/dev/sda2     /            ext4    defaults            1     1
+/dev/sda3     swap         swap     pri=1               0     0
+# End /etc/fstab
+EOF
+</code>
+==== Linux-5.5.3 ====
+<code bash>
+cd /sources/
+rm -rf linux-5.5.3
+tar xfv linux-5.5.3.tar.xz
+cd linux-5.5.3
+make mrproper
+make defconfig
+make menuconfig # voir la doc pour les options à activer ou désactiver
+make
+make modules_install
+cp -iv arch/x86_64/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-5.5.3-lfs-9.1-systemd
+cp -iv System.map /boot/System.map-5.5.3
+cp -iv .config /boot/config-5.5.3
+install -v -m755 -d /etc/modprobe.d
+cat > /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf << "EOF"
+# Début de /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf
+install ohci_hcd /sbin/modprobe ehci_hcd ; /sbin/modprobe -i ohci_hcd ; true
+install uhci_hcd /sbin/modprobe ehci_hcd ; /sbin/modprobe -i uhci_hcd ; true
+# Fin de /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf
+EOF
+</code>
+==== Utiliser GRUB pour paramétrer le processus de démarrage ====
+Ajouter, sur le système hôte, dans ''/boot/grub/grub.cfg'':
+<code bash>
+menuentry "GNU/Linux, Linux 5.5.3-lfs-9.1-systemd" {
+        insmod ext2
+        set root=(hd0,2)  # pour sda2
+        linux   /boot/vmlinuz-5.5.3-lfs-9.1-systemd root=/dev/sda2 ro
+}
+</code>
+==== Fin ====
+<code bash>
+echo 9.1-systemd > /etc/lfs-release
+cat > /etc/lsb-release << "EOF"
+DISTRIB_ID="Linux From Scratch"
+DISTRIB_RELEASE="9.1-systemd"
+DISTRIB_CODENAME="<votre nom ici>"
+DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Linux From Scratch"
+EOF
+cat > /etc/os-release << "EOF"
+NAME="Linux From Scratch"
+VERSION="9.1-systemd"
+ID=lfs
+PRETTY_NAME="Linux From Scratch 9.1-systemd"
+VERSION_CODENAME="<votre nom ici>"
+EOF
+</code>
+==== Redémarrer le système ====
+<code bash>
+logout
+reboot
+</code>